2) E-Cigarette Use Triples Among U.S. Teens in 1 Year. nlm.nih.gov.  April 16, 2015. Federal health officials say the nicotine-based products pose major health threat to kids.  E-cigarettes are booming among U.S. teens, with nearly 2.5 million middle and high school students now choosing to "vape" rather than smoke traditional cigarettes or indulge in other forms of tobacco, federal health officials reported Thursday.E-cigarette use among middle and high school students tripled from 2013 to 2014, making the nicotine-delivery devices the most popular tobacco product now used by American teens, according to data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey.
This is the first time e-cigs have surpassed in teen popularity every other tobacco product, a trend that CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden called "deeply alarming."
"We’re seeing a striking increase. It’s very concerning," Frieden said during a media briefing. "It more than counterbalances the decrease in cigarette smoking which we’ve seen over the last few years."
There has been no decline in overall tobacco use among teens, so it appears that newer products like e-cigarettes and hookahs are offsetting traditional products like cigarettes, cigars and smokeless tobacco, the CDC reported in its April 17 issue of the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
Marketing spent for e-cigarettes tripled each year between 2011 and 2013, as tobacco companies bought up leading e-cigarette companies and shifted their attention to the new product, Frieden said.
He described the marketing as "Mad Men comes to e-cigarettes," with companies plying teens with free samples and offering products with fruit and candy flavors.
"It’s straight out of the playbook of what was done for cigarettes in the 1950s," Frieden said. "We need to stop before another generation gets hooked on nicotine."
E-cigarettes are battery-operated devices that use heat to transform liquid chemicals into a vapor that is inhaled by the user. E-cigarette liquid very often contains nicotine, as well as many different types of flavors.
Overall rates of any tobacco product use were 24.6 percent for high school students and 7.7 percent for middle school students in 2014, the CDC found. That amounts to 4.6 million middle and high school students, and represents an increase of 400,000 kids from the prior year, Frieden said.
The news of e-cigarettes’ growing popularity comes as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration is finalizing rules that would bring e-cigarettes and hookahs — water pipes — under their tobacco control authority.
A number of states have either passed or are considering laws establishing a minimum age for purchase of e-cigarettes or extending smoke-free laws to include e-cigarettes, both of which could help further prevent youth use and initiation, the CDC said in a news release.
The 2012 Surgeon General’s Report found that about 90 percent of all smokers first tried cigarettes as teens, and that about three of every four teen smokers continue into adulthood.
According to the new CDC survey, e-cigarette use among high school students increased from 4.5 percent in 2013 to 13.4 percent in 2014, rising from approximately 660,000 to 2 million students.
Among middle school students, e-cigarette use more than tripled from 1.1 percent in 2013 to 3.9 percent in 2014, an increase from approximately 120,000 to 450,000 students.
Hookahs also have grown in popularity, the CDC found. Hookah smoking roughly doubled for teens, rising from about 890,000 middle and high school students in 2013 to nearly 1.6 million in 2014.
E-cigarettes and hookahs can lead to nicotine addiction, and there’s concern that kids who use e-cigarettes will graduate to traditional cigarettes. In addition, nicotine can cause serious damage to the developing brains of teens, Frieden said.
"Smoking cigarettes during adolescence has been associated with lasting cognitive impairments, including memory and attention," he said.
Cigarette smoking among high school students decreased from 15.8 percent to 9.2 percent between 2011 and 2014, and cigar smoking decreased from 11.6 percent to 8.2 percent.
Use of multiple tobacco products was common. Nearly half of all middle and high school students who were current tobacco users used two or more types of tobacco products.
In 2014, the tobacco products most commonly used by high school students were e-cigarettes (13.4 percent), hookah (9.4 percent), cigarettes (9.2 percent), cigars (8.2 percent), smokeless tobacco (5.5 percent), snus (1.9 percent) and pipes (1.5 percent).
The National Youth Tobacco Survey is a school-based, self-administered questionnaire given annually to middle and high school students in both public and private schools. The 2014 survey included a nationally representative sample of 22,000 students.
SOURCES: April 16, 2015, media briefing, Tom Frieden, M.D., M.P.H., director, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; April 17, 2015, Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
HealthDay

3) E-Cigarettes May Not Help Smokers Quit Tobacco, Study Finds.  By Robert Preidt. nlm.nih.gov.  April 16, 2015. Research found the devices actually seemed to lower quit rates. While some proponents of "vaping" claim that smokers who try e-cigarettes may use them as a bridge to quitting smoking, a new study finds that the opposite may true.The study, published April 16 in the American Journal of Public Health, found that smokers who used e-cigarettes were less likely to quit regular cigarettes than those who hadn’t tried the devices.
A team led by Dr. Wael Al-Delaimy, chief of the division of global public health at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, followed 1,000 California smokers for one year.
The researchers found that smokers who said they had ever used e-cigarettes were about half as likely to cut down on their smoking and 59 percent less likely to quit, compared to those who never used e-cigarettes.
"Based on the idea that smokers use e-cigarettes to quit smoking, we hypothesized that smokers who used these products would be more successful in quitting," Al-Delaimy said. "But the research revealed the contrary."
Two anti-smoking experts said the study casts doubt on the notion of e-cigarettes as a smoking-cessation aid.
"These results confirm the potential harm e-cigarettes cause smokers, in that they may not only result in continued smoking but they may also discourage or delay quit attempts," said Patricia Folan, director of the Center for Tobacco Control at the North Shore-LIJ Health System in Great Neck, N.Y.
She believes that "the knowledge gap about electronic cigarettes is currently being filled in large part by e-cigarette industry advertising rather than scientific information."
But one industry representative took issue with the new study.
"Asking smokers about their ‘ever use’ of a product, and then somehow attributing that ‘ever use’ to their subsequent success or failure to quit smoking months or years down the line, is dishonest and unethical," said Gregory Conley, president of the American Vaping Association.
He said that to keep "credibility," the researchers should "have also sought out data about the relationship between ‘ever use’ of nicotine replacement therapy products like the gum and patch and a smoker’s ability to quit."
Dr. Harlan Weinberg is medical director of pulmonary and critical care medicine at Northern Westchester Hospital in Mount Kisco, N.Y. He believes that more research on the issue is needed.
"There are no currently accepted guidelines for the use of e-cigarettes regarding smoking-cessation efficacy or as a cessation tool," he pointed out. "Their rapid use among the general population and as a social phenomenon require a more thorough evaluation regarding their safety and effectiveness."
Study author Al-Delaimy concurred. "We need further studies to answer why [smokers using e-cigarettes] cannot quit," he said. "One hypothesis is that smokers are receiving an increase in nicotine dose by using e-cigarettes."
Over the past two years a number of leading medical groups, including the American Heart Association, the American Cancer Society, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Medical Association, have called for increased regulation of the sale and advertising of e-cigarettes, citing health concerns.
SOURCES: Harlan Weinberg, M.D., medical director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northern Westchester Hospital, Mount Kisco, N.Y.; Patricia Folan, D.N.P., director, Center for Tobacco Control, North Shore-LIJ Health System, Great Neck, N.Y.; Gregory Conley, president, American Vaping Association; University of California, San Diego, news release, April 16, 2015
HealthDay