Extracto acuoso de tabaco masticable Chimó El Tigrito® y la disfunción cardíaca en modelo experimental larvario de pez cebra Danio rerio
nº47 [Julio 16 - Septiembre 16] Retel19/07/2016
Álvarez, M1., Mujica, S., Perdomo, L., Navarro, E.
Sección de Microscopia, Instituto Anatómico “José Izquierdo”, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas-Venezuela, 01053
Resumen
El Tabaco Masticable (TM) Chimó El Tigrito®(TM-ChT®), es una pasta suave de tabaco alcalinizado y aromatizado de fabricación semi-industrial, cuyo consumo está ganando popularidad entre la población de jóvenes de edad escolar y adolescentes. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre los efectos potencialmente tóxicos de este tabaco consumido por vía oral, no ha mantenido el ritmo que lleva el aumento de su alto consumo. Reportes clínicos y experimentales, han ilustrado algunas señales de toxicidad de este producto; particularmente vinculado con la disfunción cardiaca que hasta donde se conoce no ha sido claramente definida. En la presente investigaciónse identificaron algunos compuestos químicos presentes en dicho extracto y se caracterizó el efecto cardiotóxicodel Extracto Acuoso de Tabaco Masticable (EATM-ChT®), en modelo larvario de pez cebra Danio rerio.La cromatografía Gas-masa, permitió identificar en el EATM-ChT®, compuestos como la nicotina, derivados de esteroles, así como cotinina y 2-fluorofenilhidrazina.Como efectostóxicos predominantes se describieron;una zona apoptotica en el área cardiaca, caracterizada por una reacción positiva a la Naranja de Acridina,una desorganización de la arquitectura del tejido cardiaco, acompañada por una vacuolización del tejido de miocardio y endocardio, una reducción significativa de la frecuencia cardiaca y un incremento de las enzimas Creatinina Quinasa (CK) y su sub unidad CK-MB.Estos hallazgos permitieron definir una disfunción cardiaca, al identificar elsevero compromiso morfo-funcionalidad, que tendría como posible mecanismo de acción la activación de vías de apoptosis en tejido cardiaco, un blanco por excelencia para la acción toxica de este producto tan consumido en la población venezolana.
Palabras Claves: Chimó El Tigrito®, Pez cebra, Disfunción Cardiaca, Apoptosis, Nicotina
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Palabras Claves: Chimó El Tigrito®, Pez cebra, Disfunción Cardiaca, Apoptosis, Nicotina
Descargar Archivo PDF (453 KB)
Summary
Aqueous extract of the Chimó El Tigrito® chewing tobacco and the cardiac dysfunction in Danio rerio larval zebrafish experimental model
The chewing tobacco (TM) Chimó the Tigrito® (TM-ChT®) is a smooth flavored paste snuff alkalized and semi-industrially manufactured, consumption of which is gaining popularity among the school-aged youth and adolescents. However, research into the potentially toxic effects of this snuff when consumed orally, has not kept the same pace as its highly increasing consumption rates. Clinical and experimental reports have shown some signs of toxicity associated to this product, particularly, linked to heart dysfunctions which have yet to be clearly established. In this research, some chemical compounds present in the extract were identified and the cardiotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of Chewable tobacco (EATM-ChT®) in the Danio rerio larval Zebrafish model was characterized. The Gas-masschromatography, allowed to identify compounds such as nicotine, sterol derivatives, as well as cotinine and 2-fluorophenylhydrazine within the extract of TM-ChT®.Such predominant toxic effects were described; an apoptotic area in the heart area, characterized by a positive reaction to Acridine Orange, disruption of the architecture of cardiac tissue, accompanied by the vacuolation of myocardial tissue and endocardium, a significant heart rate reduction and increased Creatine kinase (CK)enzymes and its subunit CK-MB. These findings allowed to definea cardiac dysfunction frame, by identifying severe morpho-functional compromise, which may have the activation of apoptotic pathways in heart tissueas a possible mechanism of action, a target par excellence for the toxic action of this product, so highly consumed by the Venezuelan population.
Keywords: Chimó The Tigrito®, Zebrafish, Cardiac Dysfunction, Apoptosis, Nicotine
Download PDF (452 KB)
The chewing tobacco (TM) Chimó the Tigrito® (TM-ChT®) is a smooth flavored paste snuff alkalized and semi-industrially manufactured, consumption of which is gaining popularity among the school-aged youth and adolescents. However, research into the potentially toxic effects of this snuff when consumed orally, has not kept the same pace as its highly increasing consumption rates. Clinical and experimental reports have shown some signs of toxicity associated to this product, particularly, linked to heart dysfunctions which have yet to be clearly established. In this research, some chemical compounds present in the extract were identified and the cardiotoxic effect of the aqueous extract of Chewable tobacco (EATM-ChT®) in the Danio rerio larval Zebrafish model was characterized. The Gas-masschromatography, allowed to identify compounds such as nicotine, sterol derivatives, as well as cotinine and 2-fluorophenylhydrazine within the extract of TM-ChT®.Such predominant toxic effects were described; an apoptotic area in the heart area, characterized by a positive reaction to Acridine Orange, disruption of the architecture of cardiac tissue, accompanied by the vacuolation of myocardial tissue and endocardium, a significant heart rate reduction and increased Creatine kinase (CK)enzymes and its subunit CK-MB. These findings allowed to definea cardiac dysfunction frame, by identifying severe morpho-functional compromise, which may have the activation of apoptotic pathways in heart tissueas a possible mechanism of action, a target par excellence for the toxic action of this product, so highly consumed by the Venezuelan population.
Keywords: Chimó The Tigrito®, Zebrafish, Cardiac Dysfunction, Apoptosis, Nicotine
Download PDF (452 KB)