Evaluación de la matriz pelo como válida para la determinación de contaminación por mercurio en mineros artesanales del Estado Bolívar-Venezuela.
nº33 [septiembre 10 - octubre 10] Retel29/09/2010
María Luisa Di Bernardo; María Ysabel García, Karina Isabel Zago; José R Luna; Yajaira Hernández; Jacinto Rincón; Richart Mejías, Carlos Yánez, Yarima Velásquez, Yasmin Morales.
GITAEF, Grupo de Investigación en Toxicología Analítica y Estudios Farmacológicos. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis. Universidad de Los Andes. Mérida-Venezuela.
Correspondencia de autor. Dra. María Luisa Di Bernardo. e-mail girard@ula.ve
Correspondencia de autor. Dra. María Luisa Di Bernardo. e-mail girard@ula.ve
Resumen
El Mercurio (Hg) metálico o elemental, es usado en la extracción de oro y plata, en amalgamas dentales y en una gran variedad de elementos de medición de temperatura y presión en medicina y en la industria (1). La determinación de Hg en diferentes matrices biológicas, principalmente en sangre, orina y pelo, es importante para valorar la contaminación de Hg procedente del medio ambiente o del ambiente laboral. La volatilidad y fácil absorción dérmica del metal y la mayor parte de los compuestos de mercurio, le convierten en un tóxico difícil de controlar, por lo que es necesario que, además de aplicar medidas de higiene industrial estrictas, se hagan frecuentes controles biológicos de exposición(2). El estudio se llevó a cabo en 32 trabajadores de ambos géneros (22 hombres y 10 mujeres) expuestos a Hg elemental, todos mineros artesanales del Estado Bolívar-Venezuela. Con edades promedios de 36±14 años. Igualmente se precisó de 20 individuos (12 hombres y 8 mujeres) no expuestos laboralmente, que denominamos grupo Control. Se les determinó en orina y pelo Hg. Se estudiaron las correlaciones existentes entre ambas matrices, así como el efecto del consumo de pescado, productos enlatados, embutidos, hábitos de fumar, tiempo de exposición, uso de tintes o cremas para el cabello entre otros. El Conociendo que las trazas de metales tóxicos y hasta de drogas ilegales desaparecen de la orina, pero la evidencia permanece atrapada en el pelo. El pelo tiene la ventaja de contar con memoria a largo plazo. Es un expediente permanente, como los anillos de los árboles. El pelo absorbe los minerales tóxicos a través de sus raíces del torrente sanguíneo. La sustancia permanece conforme crece el pelo a una velocidad de 1.25 cm por mes. Una longitud de pelo de 7.5 cm de la porción más cerca al cuero cabelludo ofrece una historia de 6 meses. En contraste, el mineral tóxico puede no mostrar ninguna pista en la orina solamente pocas horas o pocos días después (3-6).Este trabajo pretende evidenciar si existe o no una correlación en ambas matrices estudiadas y evaluadas. Dando lugar a una matriz alterna y significativa o por el contrario desecharla cuando se pretenda evaluar intoxicación y no exposición.
Palabras claves: mercurio, minería, exposición, intoxicación, pelo, orina.
Descargar PDF (52 KB)
Palabras claves: mercurio, minería, exposición, intoxicación, pelo, orina.
Descargar PDF (52 KB)
Abstract
Evaluation of the hair matrix as valid for the determination of mercury pollution in artisanal miners Bolivar State- Venezuela.
Mercury (Hg) elementary metal or, is used in the extraction of gold and silver, in dental amalgams and a great variety of elements of measurement of temperature and pressure in medicine and the industry (1). The determination of Hg in different biological matrices, mainly in blood, urine and hair, it is important to value the contamination of Hg coming from the environment or the labor atmosphere. The volatileness and easy skin absorption of the metal and most of the mercury compounds, turn to him into a toxic difficult to control, reason why it is necessary that, besides applying strict measures of industrial hygiene, frequent biological controls become of exhibition (2). The study was carried out in 32 workers of both sorts (22 men and 10 women) exposed to elementary Hg, all artisan miners of the State Bolivar-Venezuela. With ages averages of 36±14 years. Also one needed 20 individuals (12 men and 8 women) not exhibited labor, that we denominated group Control. One determined in urine and Hg hair to them. The existing correlations between both matrices studied, as well as the tinned effect of the fish consumption, products, and inlays, habits to smoke, exposure time, dye use or creams for the hair among others. Knowing that the plans of toxic metals and until of illegal drugs disappear of the urine, but the evidence remains catched in the hair. The hair has the advantage to count in the long term on memory. It is a permanent file, like the ring of the trees. The hair absorbs toxic minerals through its roots of the sanguineous torrent. The substance remains as grows the hair at a speed of 1, 25 cm per month. A length of hair of 7, 5 cm of the portion more close to the hairy leather offers a history of 6 months. In resistance, the toxic mineral can later not show to a track in the urine only few hours or few days (3-6). This work tries to demonstrate if it exists or not a correlation in both studied and evaluated matrices.
Giving rise to a matrix alternating and significant or on the contrary, to reject it when it is tried to evaluate poisoning and exhibition.
Key words: mercury, mining, poisoning, exhibition, hair, urine.
Download PDF (52 KB)
Mercury (Hg) elementary metal or, is used in the extraction of gold and silver, in dental amalgams and a great variety of elements of measurement of temperature and pressure in medicine and the industry (1). The determination of Hg in different biological matrices, mainly in blood, urine and hair, it is important to value the contamination of Hg coming from the environment or the labor atmosphere. The volatileness and easy skin absorption of the metal and most of the mercury compounds, turn to him into a toxic difficult to control, reason why it is necessary that, besides applying strict measures of industrial hygiene, frequent biological controls become of exhibition (2). The study was carried out in 32 workers of both sorts (22 men and 10 women) exposed to elementary Hg, all artisan miners of the State Bolivar-Venezuela. With ages averages of 36±14 years. Also one needed 20 individuals (12 men and 8 women) not exhibited labor, that we denominated group Control. One determined in urine and Hg hair to them. The existing correlations between both matrices studied, as well as the tinned effect of the fish consumption, products, and inlays, habits to smoke, exposure time, dye use or creams for the hair among others. Knowing that the plans of toxic metals and until of illegal drugs disappear of the urine, but the evidence remains catched in the hair. The hair has the advantage to count in the long term on memory. It is a permanent file, like the ring of the trees. The hair absorbs toxic minerals through its roots of the sanguineous torrent. The substance remains as grows the hair at a speed of 1, 25 cm per month. A length of hair of 7, 5 cm of the portion more close to the hairy leather offers a history of 6 months. In resistance, the toxic mineral can later not show to a track in the urine only few hours or few days (3-6). This work tries to demonstrate if it exists or not a correlation in both studied and evaluated matrices.
Giving rise to a matrix alternating and significant or on the contrary, to reject it when it is tried to evaluate poisoning and exhibition.
Key words: mercury, mining, poisoning, exhibition, hair, urine.
Download PDF (52 KB)