Efecto del bioplaguicida Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911), cepa 344, en organismos indicadores del compartimiento acuático.
nº36 [Agosto 11 - Noviembre 11] Retel06/11/2011
Claudio Martín Jonsson1, Aline de Holanda Nunes Maia1, Deise María Fontana Capalbo1, Onelio Carballo Hondal2.
1Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rod. SP 340, Km 127,5, Jaguariúna, SP, Brasil, CP69, CEP13820-000. jonsson@cnpma.embrapa.br
2Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, 5ta Ave y 246. Playa. C.P. 19100. La Habana. Cuba. onelio@cip.telemar.cu
Correspondencia E-mail: jonsson@cnpma.embrapa.br
2Centro de Investigaciones Pesqueras, 5ta Ave y 246. Playa. C.P. 19100. La Habana. Cuba. onelio@cip.telemar.cu
Correspondencia E-mail: jonsson@cnpma.embrapa.br
Resumen
El Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) (Bt) es una bacteria que contiene endotoxinas con acción insecticida para varias especies. A pesar de la conocida inocuidad de la utilización de Bt y otros bioplaguicidas utilizados en la lucha contra las plagas, ha habido algunos informes acerca de las infecciones y los efectos adversos sobre los organismos no blanco, entre estos, especies acuáticas. En este estudio, se evaluó los efectos derivados de la exposición a la cepa 344 del Bt (Bt344) en algunos organismos de diferentes niveles tróficos de la cadena alimentaria acuática. Los organismos de prueba estuvieron expuestos a concentraciones correspondientes a más de 1.000 veces la tasa de aplicación efectiva para controlar el gusano cogollero del maíz (Spodoptera frugiperda). El Bt344 no alteró los patrones de crecimiento de las algas Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Una tasa de mortalidad significativa equivalente a 8,9%, pero menor que el límite aceptable para el control (10%), se registró para el pez Hyphessobrycon scholzei. Sin embargo, la exposición al agente biológico disminuyó la supervivencia de Daphnia similis en 44,8%, en comparación con el control. Esto sugiere un riesgo para algunas especies acuáticas de invertebrados.
Palabras clave: toxicidad, pez, daphnia, alga, biopesticida
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Palabras clave: toxicidad, pez, daphnia, alga, biopesticida
Descargar Archivo PDF (755 KB)
Abstract
Effect of the biopesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911), strain 344, on indicators organisms of the aquatic compartment.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) (Bt) is a bacterium which contains endotoxins with insecticide action against several insect pests. Bt and other biopesticides are usually known as innocuous to non-target organisms, although some adverse effects have been described. In this work it was evaluated the effect on aquatic organisms of different trophic levels due to the exposure to the 344 strain of Bt (Bt344). The test-organisms were exposed to concentrations corresponding to more than 1,000 fold the application rate of biopesticide which is capable to control the corn worm Spodoptera frugiperda. Bt344 did not alter the growth patterns of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. It was observed a significant mortality (8.9%) for the fish Hyphessobrycon scholzei, but it is lower than the allowed limit of mortality for the control (10%). Nevertheless, biopesticide exposure reduced the survival of Dapnhia similis (44.8% less than the control survival), which suggests a risk for aquatic invertebrate species.
Key words: toxicity, fish, Daphnia, algae, biopesticide
Download PDF (755 KB)
Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner, 1911) (Bt) is a bacterium which contains endotoxins with insecticide action against several insect pests. Bt and other biopesticides are usually known as innocuous to non-target organisms, although some adverse effects have been described. In this work it was evaluated the effect on aquatic organisms of different trophic levels due to the exposure to the 344 strain of Bt (Bt344). The test-organisms were exposed to concentrations corresponding to more than 1,000 fold the application rate of biopesticide which is capable to control the corn worm Spodoptera frugiperda. Bt344 did not alter the growth patterns of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. It was observed a significant mortality (8.9%) for the fish Hyphessobrycon scholzei, but it is lower than the allowed limit of mortality for the control (10%). Nevertheless, biopesticide exposure reduced the survival of Dapnhia similis (44.8% less than the control survival), which suggests a risk for aquatic invertebrate species.
Key words: toxicity, fish, Daphnia, algae, biopesticide
Download PDF (755 KB)