Overall winnerStand Out From the Crowd, photographed on Marion Island (Prince Edward Islands). An adult king penguin is surrounded by chicks at a large breeding colony. Populations of the species inhabiting Subantarctic islands face an uncertain future, as climate change threatens to shift oceanic fronts where the animals feed, pushing them further away from breeding sitesPhotograph: Chris Oosthuizen/University of Pretoria/British Ecological Society

Overall runners-upPollination! Photographed in Arizona, US. Bats act as disease reservoirs for emerging infections. However, studies in Australia show they transmit the Hendra virus to horses and people only when they are starving. Pennsylvania State University has evidence that this is caused by deforestation so it has started rewilding of native treesPhotograph: Peter J Hudson/Penn State University/British Ecological Society

Overall runners-upLiving Fossil, photographed in Morocco. Cerastes vipera is one of several snake species that lives buried in the sand to adapt to a warm climate. Each of its scales is shaped like a small spoon that help it burrow into the sand to avoid predators – and wait for preyPhotograph: Roberto García-Roa/University of Valencia/British Ecological Society

Overall student winnerShadows in the Sky, photographed in Manaus, Brazil. The neotropical fringe-lipped bat is a medium-sized mammal found in dry and moist forests from Mexico to Brazil. The species is easily identified by its prominent papilla-like projections on its lips and muzzle. It is one of the few neotropical bats known to capture and prey on vertebrate species. Fringe-lipped bats are known mostly for their frog-eating habits. However, their diet is still poorly understood in the AmazonPhotograph: Adrià López Baucells/University of Lisbon/British Ecological Society

Up close and personal winnerWeb of Life, photographed in Spain. It is only by going really close to a spider – in this case using macrophotography – that you realise the much-maligned species is also vulnerable. Their webs are their havens, where they eat, mate and receive protection from potential predators. These much-maligned creatures build an entire web of life in their small, dark worldsPhotograph: Roberto García-Roa/University of Valencia/British Ecological Society

Up close and personal student winnerLook into my Eyes, photographed in Costa Rica. While studying herpetofauna, the photographer came across this fantastic little powdered glass frog perched on a leaf in the rainforestPhotograph: Alex Edwards/University of Plymouth/British Ecological Society

Dynamic ecosystems winnerStinkpot Special: Penguin à la King, photographed on Marion Island. A southern giant petrel, also known as a stinker or stinkpot, preys on a young king penguin chick while adult king penguins look on. Despite their reliance on carrion, southern giant petrels are apt terrestrial predators, and predatory interactions between them and penguins are commonPhotograph: Chris Oosthuizen/University of Pretoria/British Ecological Society

Dynamic ecosystems student winnerFox on the Hunt, photographed in Canada. This image shows a red fox searching for tundra voles and lemmings in the Canadian Arctic. Foxes can sense their prey scurrying in the grass or snow. The photographer watched this particular fox over several days and discovered that most of its hunts were successfulPhotograph: British Ecological Society

People and nature winnerMan in Mangrove, photographed in Kerala, India. The value of mangrove ecosystems to local communities, and particularly to traditional fishermen, around the world is well recognised. This picture was taken during the early hours of the morningPhotograph: Nibedita Mukherjee/University of Exeter/British Ecological Society

People and nature student winnerBirds of a Feather. Greater Antilles bird hunting is part of rural Caribbean culture and a mechanism through which other associated forest lore and tradition – such as wayfinding and plant knowledge that can improve conservation science – are maintained. This photograph, taken in a newly designated protected area, captures the complex biological and cultural considerations of hunting threatened parrotsPhotograph: Lydia Gibson/University College London/British Ecological Society

Ecology in action winnerThe Tables Have Turned, photographed in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. This image shows an African wild dog pup playing with a tranquiliser dart. After ecologists anaesthetised an adult in a pack, one of the pups spotted the dart and kept hold of it, seemingly proud of its new toyPhotograph: Dominik Behr/University of Zurich and Botswana Predator Conservation Trust/British Ecological Society

Ecology in action student winnerUV Beetle Tracking (Experiment With Ultraviolet Powder and Torches). The unique and innovative opportunity to track invertebrates using ultraviolet powder and torches was a highlight of the British Ecological Society’s 2018 summer school for this photographer. The dark environment, coupled with the vibrant colours, presented challenging yet exciting conditions in which to test her wildlife photography skillsPhotograph: Ella Cooke/BSc Ecology and Conservation/British Ecological Society

The art of ecology winnerMarine Iguanas Warm Up, photographed on the Galapágos Islands. Marine iguanas on the volcanic archipelago need to warm up each day before they can become active. These individuals had climbed on to a washed-up tree stump on Isabela Island to catch the sun’s raysPhotograph: Mark Tatchell/British Ecological Society

The art of ecology student winnerCan You Feel the Harsh Climate of the High Arctic? Photographed in Svalbard, Norway. Shrub ring-growth is irregular thanks to the high-arctic Svalbard climate. The story behind this photo started on a sailboat at the northern distribution margin of shrubs. Months in the laboratory generated 2mm cross-sections of Salix polaris (polar willow). Art became science, developing a ring-growth time-series retrospectively tracking vascular plants’ biomassPhotograph: Mathilde Le Moullec/Norwegian University of Science and Technology/British Ecological Society

Individuals and populations winnerFlying in the Rain, photographed in Manaus, Brazil. Seba’s short-tailed bat is one of the most common species in the Amazon region and is abundant in young forests and regrowth vegetation, where it feeds on juicy fruits from pioneering plants such as Vismia or Cecropia. The Seba’s short-tailed bat is one of those common species that many people forget. However, most of the essential ecosystem services on which our survival depends, such as seed dispersal, forest regeneration and recovery, will be carried out by species such as this onePhotograph: Adrià López Baucells/University of Lisbon/British Ecological Society

Individuals and populations student winnerLimbing in the Tropics, photographed in Manaus, Brazil. While walking in the Amazon rainforest looking for bat roosts to set up mist nets to capture bats for scientific research, a faint and almost imperceptible noise suddenly caught this photographer’s attention. An anteater was climbing with exceptional ability in a tangled mess of branches and lianas. With an unbelievable calmness, the animal watched the photographer at work and seemed to enjoy being the subject of an impromptu photography session in the most biodiverse ecosystem on EarthPhotograph: Adrià López Baucells/University of Lisbon/British Ecological Society